2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

6-11 June 2021 • Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Extracting Knowledge from Information

2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

6-11 June 2021 • Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Extracting Knowledge from Information
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Paper Detail

Paper IDSPE-21.4
Paper Title Gaussian Kernelized Self-Attention for Long Sequence Data and Its Application to CTC-based Speech Recognition
Authors Yosuke Kashiwagi, Emiru Tsunoo, Sony Corporation, Japan; Shinji Watanabe, Johns Hopkins University, United States
SessionSPE-21: Speech Recognition 7: Training Methods for End-to-End Modeling
LocationGather.Town
Session Time:Wednesday, 09 June, 15:30 - 16:15
Presentation Time:Wednesday, 09 June, 15:30 - 16:15
Presentation Poster
Topic Speech Processing: [SPE-LVCR] Large Vocabulary Continuous Recognition/Search
IEEE Xplore Open Preview  Click here to view in IEEE Xplore
Abstract Self-attention (SA) based models have recently achieved significant performance improvements in hybrid and end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems owing to their flexible context modeling capability. However, it is also known that the accuracy degrades when applying SA to long sequence data. This is mainly due to the length mismatch between the inference and training data because the training data are usually divided into short segments for efficient training. To mitigate this mismatch, we propose a new architecture, which is a variant of the Gaussian kernel, which itself is a shift-invariant kernel. First, we mathematically demonstrate that self-attention with shared weight parameters for queries and keys is equivalent to a normalized kernel function. By replacing this kernel function with the proposed Gaussian kernel, the architecture becomes completely shift-invariant with the relative position information embedded using a frame indexing technique. The proposed Gaussian kernelized SA was applied to connectionist temporal classification (CTC) based ASR. An experimental evaluation with the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) and TEDLIUM 3 benchmarks shows that the proposed SA achieves a significant improvement in accuracy (e.g., from 24.0% WER to 6.0% in CSJ) in long sequence data without any windowing techniques.